ENCEPHALITIS

Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford; Department of Neurology, John Radcliffe Hospital; Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina; Encephalitis International; Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and

Encephalitis is a critical condition characterized by brain inflammation, which can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. The document outlines various infectious and autoimmune causes of encephalitis and presents pragmatic clinical approaches for diagnosis and management. It discusses the role of serum and cerebrospinal fluid testing in identifying causative agents and emphasizes the need for timely administration of therapies, including immunotherapies for autoimmune encephalitis. The document also reviews emerging treatments and the challenges in managing different encephalitis subtypes.