diabetic emergencies

Dr Kapsindet Sam Kelvin

Diabetic emergencies, including severe hypoglycemia, Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA), and Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State (HHS), are critical complications of diabetes mellitus. This presentation details the approach to these emergencies, emphasizing ABC assessment, mental status, and identification of precipitating events. It delves into the pathophysiology of DKA and HHS, highlighting differences in insulin levels and counter-regulatory hormones that influence ketogenesis and acidosis. Management strategies focus on fluid resuscitation, electrolyte correction (particularly potassium), and insulin therapy, with specific guidance on potassium replacement and the judicious use of bicarbonate.